I've connected a 16x2 LCD display with an I2C interface. For more recent releases of the Arduino IDE a newer version is required, which I downloaded. I then tested the display and library on a Arduino Uno, ran without problems. Unfortunately it doesn't work on the Neo, I get a compile error: Is there an easy fix? My Arduino IDE version is 1.6.12 [edit: Arduino Mega is fine too]
You could check the difference between the original Arduino library and the Udoo version. Then check the difference between the original Arduino and the new Arduino and update the Udoo version.
Here are the changes they did on the original LiquidCrystal library for the Neo: https://github.com/UDOOboard/LiquidCrystal/commits/master I see in the changed dfrobot I2C library they added progmem, something the Neo does not support.
What's disturbing is that it due to a version of the IDE.... What UDOO library are you referring to, I'm not sure if I've tried that explicitly.
The library they are referring to (https://github.com/marcoschwartz/LiquidCrystal_I2C) is based on LiquidCrystal. LiquidCrystal is modified by Udoo in order to get it working on a Neo and is in the Udoo Arduino board package. Perhaps your LCD screen is working with this modified Udoo LiquidCrystal library? It seems already an I2C library now, I don't know why dfrobot created an i2c version of it.
OK, duh, the i2c is for LCD's with a i2c interface, the normal have a 7wire interface. So in order to have the i2c version of the library working you at least have to do the changes the Udoo team has done on the normal LiquidCrystal library. The next thing is if the I2C part is still Neo compatible (wire.h?)